Tuesday, 13 August 2019

Born to run: The hidden tribe, the ultra-runners, and the greatest race the world has never seen (Christopher McDougall).


Fleet of foot fantasy about the joys and marvels of running.

If you are completely new to the sport of running by way of signing up to your first marathon or parkrun there is no better way to feed your running bug than by reading this book. McDougall is an excellent story-teller, taking the reader along a wonderful ride through the predominant lens of ultra-running. The story that McDougall weaves is at once fascinating and exciting, as he explores the reasons why we run and what enables us to achieve such feats of endurance.

The story revolves around the now famous Tarahumara (a remote Mexican tribe), some eccentric characters such as Caballo Blanco and famous ultra-runners of the likes of Scott Jurek to name a few; and the race that takes place between Jurek and one of the Tarahumara. I won’t digress into the narrative, as that would ruin the book, however McDougall uses this so-called epic race to put forward a number of significant statements about the state of modern running.

Ultimately McDougall presents running in a sort romantic tradition, i.e. before the technological and commercial aspects were introduced to running, there was a pure or natural way of running that meant people could run for as far as their bodies would allow them to. The strongest part of this arguments comes from McDougall citing the Harvard academic Daniel Lieberman, who argued that humans were designed to run long distances to gradually wear down prey (e.g. deer); who could sprint in short bursts away from humans, but did not have their capacity for endurance. If this was as far as McDougall was willing to go by linking this research with the Tarahumara race, as well as the tribe itself, then that would not be so controversial.



It’s where McDougall strays into pronouncements about footwear and the way people run that I take issue with. Similar to the claims made about Kenyans running barefoot, and the improvements that can be seen by running barefoot , he argues that our running has been corrupted by our use of running trainers (specifically targeting Nike in this instance). McDougall contends that if we were to go back to barefoot or even minimalist running, then we would rid ourselves of the vast majority of running injuries that we sustain by putting on a pair of trainers. McDougall also asserts that the way we run has been influenced by trainers, leading to us heel striking when we land on the ground with our feet, and thus increasing the number of injuries. Using the Tarahumara as a counterpoint McDougall presents people living in Western societies as running incorrectly in their artificially insulated running world.

Whilst there is a great deal to be made about the commercialisation and heavy emphasis on technology in running; for example one could ask whether British running legends Joss Naylor or Steve Jones need a Garmin to achieve their running feats? I do not think that barefoot running is either the primary answer to the huge swathe of running ailments that people encounter when they first take up the sport. There is no doubt that running exposes issues within the body, that people would not normally be aware if they didn’t run, such as runner’s knee. However these cannot be simply attributed to one key factor, e.g. what sports shoe we wear, but more to the changes in lifestyle; the growing obesity epidemic, the fact that we are more sedentary than our parents, office based jobs where we sit in the same position all day, the list goes on. I don’t have an evidence base to refute what McDougall has stated about barefoot running, so simply stated my view is mixed. Anecdotally I think activities like running on grass is or in the sand in minimalist shoes is brilliant for the ankles/ lower limbs, but my experience of even going into slightly less supported shoes for cross-country has partly contributed to me sustaining a calf tear. McDougall fails to address areas of ambiguity within his book, for instance are orthotics a bad thing or a positive technological development?

The other issue that I have with the people McDougall chooses – such as Jurek say- are that they not your normal runners; Jurek for example is one of the all-time greats of the Western States 100 mile race.  It’s amazing to read about Jurek- and the motley crew of other extreme runners- who go to visit the Tarahumara. However they are not your ‘normal everyday runner’, who may not be at the peak of their fitness. So whilst this story serves as a huge inspiration to people who love running, it’s hard to find how this epic tale translates into something that an every day runner can use in their lives. For instance, and if we accept that barefoot running is something that we need to achieve, taking someone from wearing shoes all their lives to running barefoot is likely to cause them to have a high chance of injury to their lower limb area.

Born to Run is an excellent read, and I can’t think of another book that made me feel excited about lacing up my trainers and going to run outside. McDougall certainly raises a valid question to all runners about whether we may have become lost from the world outside and the way we run, due to our obsession with technology and gadgets. No one would disagree with him that we all need to move more and get outside on a regular basis. Where McDougall may have strayed too far is asserting that barefoot running and long-distance running can suit everyone. Furthermore McDougall does not provide an adequate road-map of how we get to his idealised version of barefoot running, just that it is the best way forward for people to avoid injuries. That’s probably where the biggest weakness of the book lies; it provides inspiration for people to go outside, but only using the most extreme examples of ultra-runners and the Tarahumara. It would help if McDougall was able to show how someone could get off their couch and start building up to a 5k race. Rather than criticising modern Western society, he could show how we can adapt and change our lifestyles to improve our overall fitness and well-being. Nevertheless, none of these aspects detract from an amazing story that dares runners to dream big and think about their running in a whole new light.

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